以下是在美國國家生物技術資訊中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information)自己所整理的心得，給大家參考：



【蔥蒜對動物的危害】

雖然許多研究顯示蔥蒜可以減少血栓、抑制癌細胞，但目前亦有研究指出，蔥蒜對哺乳類動物(牛、羊、狗、馬、貓)的紅血球有溶血作用，會導致溶血性貧血(Hemolytic anemia)，而亦有研究指出，過量的蔥蒜萃取物會對實驗小白鼠造成溶血性貧血，因為動物的紅血球與人類的紅血球極為相似，對人類亦有"可能"有相似作用。

例如：

1.人造血不一定要用人血的紅血球製造，一般哺乳類動物的紅血球，也可製造人造血。

2.豬的紅血球與人類的B型紅血球極為相似。

(不過，目前尚無針對蔥蒜是否造成人類紅血球溶解的研究，可能這種實驗不容易拿到經費吧...)



◎ 紅血球簡介：

紅血球是脊椎動物動物所特有的，而脊椎動物中的哺乳動物是唯一紅血球無核者；哺乳動物的紅血球是無核的細胞，含有血紅素，具有運輸氧和二氧化碳的功能。



食物皆有其優劣點，很難下一定論，就像人都有其善惡面ㄧ樣，自在的吃出自己的素食飲食，勝過與人辯論。



◎ 參考文獻：(提供給有興趣者研讀)

Van Kampen KR, James LF, Johnson AE.

Hemolytic anemia in sheep fed wild onion (Allium validum).

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1970 Feb 1;156(3):328-32.



Pierce KR, Joyce JR, England RB, Jones LP.

Acute hemolytic anemia caused by wild onion poisoning in horses.

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1972 Feb 1;160(3):323-7.



Harvey JW, Rackear D.

Experimental onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs.

Vet Pathol 1985;22:387–92.

Within one day following a single oral dose of dehydrated onions, dogs were found to have large numbers of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes. The percentage of erythrocytes that contained Heinz bodies increased slightly to a maximum on day 3 and then declined. The turbidity index increased more gradually with a maximal value on day 4. Erythrocytes with hemoglobin contracted to one side of the cell (eccentrocytes) also appeared after onion feeding. Eccentrocytes are believed to result from a direct injury to the erythrocyte membrane. As with Heinz body-containing cells, the percentages of eccentrocytes present declined as anemia developed. The packed cell volume began to decrease one day after onion administration. A mean decrease of 19 percentage points was reached by day 5. The most anemic dogs had evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Reticulocytosis was first observed five days after onion administration. A slight increase in methemoglobin content was measured four hours after onion administration. No significant changes in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration were measured. Transient neutrophilia occurred concomitant with the peak reticulocyte response.



Verhoeff J, Hajer R, van den Ingh TS.

Onion poisoning of young cattle.

Vet Rec. 1985 Nov 9;117(19):497-8.

Eighty-five cattle (calves and yearlings) were allowed 1000 kg of onions (Allium cepa) a day. Signs of poisoning were observed after five days; 22 animals were affected, one fatally. New illnesses continued to occur for five days after the withdrawal of onions from the diet. Clinical signs included inappetance, tachycardia, staggering and collapse, with jaundiced conjunctivae and haemoglobinuria. Haemolytic anaemia with Heinz bodies in the red cells and leucocytosis were demonstrated.



Yamoto O, Maede Y.

Susceptibility to onion induced hemolysis in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentration.

Am J Vet Res 1992; 53:134–7



Kaplan AJ.

Onion powder in baby food may induce anemia in cats [letter].

JAVMA 1995; 207:1405



Robertson JE, Christopher MM, Rogers QR.

Heinz body formation in cats fed baby food containing onion powder.

JAVMA 1998;212:1260–6.



Rae HA.

Onion toxicosis in a herd of beef cows.

Can Vet J. 1999 Jan;40(1):55-7.

A herd consumed approximately 20 kg onions/cow/day for 6 weeks. Five cows died and two aborted. Onion toxicosis results in methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia. These changes can cause secondary organ damage and death, if enough onions are consumed.



Munday R, Munday CM, Munday JS.

Hemolytic anemia and induction of phase II detoxification enzymes by diprop-1-enyl sulfide in rats: dose-response study.

J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec 14;53(25):9695-700.

Epidemiological evidence indicates that a high dietary intake of plants of the Allium family, such as garlic and onions, is associated with a decreased risk of cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this chemopreventative effect involves the ability of the aliphatic sulfides derived from these vegetables to increase tissue activities of phase II detoxification enzymes. Several highly effective inducers from garlic have been identified, but most of the previously studied compounds from onion have proved to be only weakly active. In the present study, the inductive activity of another onion-derived sulfide, diprop-1-enyl sulfide, has been investigated. This substance was a potent inducer of phase II enzymes in rats, showing significant effects in the lungs and in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that diprop-1-enyl sulfide could be a useful chemopreventative agent at these sites. At high dose levels, diprop-1-enyl sulfide caused hemolytic anemia, which may be due to in vivo conversion of the sulfide to active metabolites.