最近都在玩臉書~不代表後學天空師姐不關心素易的發展喔

BTW之所以放在動物保護是認為~受精或非受精的蛋或胚胎都應該要受到生命的保護

非常感恩您不進食蛋類^_^

Eggs, Too, May Provoke Bacteria to Raise Heart RiskBy GINA KOLATA

July 23, 2013個人健康

雞蛋可能增加患心髒病風險

http://cn.nytimes.com/health/20130723/c23egg/dual/

GINA KOLATA 2013年07月23日For the second time in a matter of weeks, a group of researchers reported a link between the food people eat and bacteria in the intestines that can increase the risk of heart attacks.

幾周之內，同一批研究者第二次報告：人們吃的食物和腸道內的細菌可能會提高心髒病風險。

Two weeks ago, the investigators reported that carnitine, a compound found in red meat, can increase heart disease risk because of the actions of intestinal bacteria. This time they reported that the same thing happens with lecithin, which is abundant in egg yolks.

兩周前，他們說：基於肉毒堿——紅肉中的一種物質——對腸道細菌的作用，它會讓人更可能患心髒疾病。這一次，他們又稱：蛋黃中大量存在的卵磷脂亦有同樣效果。

The lecithin study, published Wednesday in The New England Journal of Medicine, is part of a growing appreciation of the role the body’s bacteria play in health and disease. With heart disease, investigators have long focused on the role of diet and heart disease, but expanding the scrutiny to bacteria adds a new dimension.

這項卵磷脂研究發表在4月24日的《新英格蘭醫學雜志》(New England Journal of Medicine)上；它體現了人們對體內細菌是如何影響健康和疾病的關注正日益增長。長期以來，科學家都關注著飲食習慣在心髒病中的作用；而將視野擴大至細菌則為研究拓開了一片新天地。

“Heart disease perhaps involves microbes in our gut,” said the study’s lead researcher, Dr. Stanley Hazen, chairman of the department of cellular and molecular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute.

“我們腸道中的微生物也許和心髒病有關。” 該項目的第一研究者、克利夫蘭醫學中心勒納研究所(Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute)細胞與分子醫學系主任斯坦利·黑曾(Stanley Hazen)博士說。

In the case of eggs, the chain of events starts when the body digests lecithin, breaking it into its constituent parts, including the chemical choline. Intestinal bacteria metabolize choline and release a substance that the liver converts to a chemical known as TMAO, for trimethylamine N-oxide. High levels of TMAO in the blood are linked to increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

我們吃掉雞蛋後，一系列的事件自身體消化卵磷脂開始。卵磷脂被降解為其組成部分，包括一種叫做膽堿的化學物質。腸道內細菌代謝膽堿，釋放出一種可被肝髒轉化成氧化三甲胺(TMAO)的物質。血液中高水平的氧化三甲胺是與心肌梗塞和腦卒中有關聯的。

To show the effect of eggs on TMAO, Dr. Hazen asked volunteers to eat two hard-boiled eggs. They ended up with more TMAO in their blood. But if they first took an antibiotic to wipe out intestinal bacteria, eggs did not have that effect.

為證明雞蛋能影響氧化三甲胺水平，黑曾博士讓志願者吃掉兩只煮熟的雞蛋——他們血液中的氧化三甲胺隨即增高。但如果志願者事先服用抗生素，清除了腸道內細菌，再吃雞蛋就不產生類似效果了。

To see the effects of TMAO on cardiovascular risk, the investigators studied 4,000 people who had been seen at the Cleveland Clinic. The more TMAO in their blood, the more likely they were to have a heart attack or stroke in the ensuing three years.

為觀察氧化三甲胺與心血管疾病的關系，研究者研究了4000名曾在克利夫蘭醫學中心看過病的病人：血液中氧化三甲胺越多的人，越有可能在隨後3年患心肌梗塞或腦卒中。

Carnitine — the red meat chemical — and lecithin are chemically related, Dr. Hazen said. As with lecithin, when carnitine is digested, choline is released and can be acted on by intestinal bacteria.

黑曾博士說，紅肉中的肉毒堿與卵磷脂在化學上類似。就像卵磷脂一樣，肉毒堿被消化後，膽堿釋放出來，然後被腸道細菌利用。

The results of the new studies, though, do not directly prove that reducing TMAO protects against heart disease. That would require large studies following people who lowered their TMAO levels, which should be possible with a vegetarian or high-fiber diet.

不過，新研究並沒有直接證明降低氧化三甲胺能阻止心髒病的發生。這需要大範圍地研究體內氧化三甲胺水平降低的人群，應該可以在素食者和有高纖維飲食習慣的人群中展開。

Dr. Hazen said that people who are worried about heart attacks may want to consider reducing lecithin and choline in their diet, which would require eating less of foods high in fat and cholesterol. Dr. Hazen said it also may be wise to avoid supplements or vitamins with added choline.

黑曾說，擔心自己患心肌梗塞的人可以考慮在飲食中減少卵磷脂和膽堿的量，也就是少吃高脂肪和高膽固醇食物；也應該盡量不要吃添加膽堿的營養補充劑或維生素。

In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Joseph Loscalzo of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston suggested that in the future there may be other ways to reduce blood levels of TMAO. People might take probiotics to help grow bacteria that do not lead to an increase in TMAO. Or perhaps drugs could squelch the synthesis of TMAO. Those probiotics and drugs, though, do not yet exist, and even the specific bacteria responsible for the increase in TMAO are not yet identified.

在一篇相關社論中，波士頓布萊根婦女醫院(Brigham and Women’s Hospital)的約瑟夫·洛斯卡爾佐(Joseph Loscalzo)醫生認為，以後也許有其他降低血中氧化三甲胺水平的辦法。比如讓人們服用益生菌，促進不會導致氧化三甲胺水平提高的細菌增長；或服用抑制合成氧化三甲胺的藥物。不過，這類益生菌和藥物尚不存在——即便是那群特別能提高氧化三甲胺的細菌也還沒被甄別出來呢。